Scaling Opportunity to Higher Education

New HEPI Policy Note calls for sustained and intensive outreach to tackle persistent higher education access gaps.

It argues that sustained and intensive outreach programmes are among the most effective tools to widen access to higher education institutions, and calls for earlier, better coordinated and more rigorously evaluated interventions.

Scaling Opportunity (HEPI Policy Note 70), by Charlotte Gleed and Charlotte Armstrong, examines the structural inequalities that shape progression to higher education and asks higher education institutions to think about ‘what works, for whom, in what context, and why’ when conducting outreach. Drawing on analysis from the Higher Education Access Tracker (HEAT), Uni Connect and other sector evidence, the report makes the case for moving from late-stage adjustments to long-term, preventative engagement.

Despite decades of widening participation work, significant attainment and progression gaps remain. The Policy Note argues that sustained and intensive outreach can shift these outcomes. Analysis from HEAT shows:

• Students who participate in an intensive outreach package are 29% more likely to enter higher education than matched peers who received minimal outreach.
• Participants in intensive outreach are 19% more likely to enter a high-tariff higher education institution.
• Among students eligible for Free School Meals, those who engage in intensive outreach are up to 38% more likely to progress to higher education than similar disadvantaged peers who receive minimal outreach.

The particularly strong impact for students eligible for Free School Meals underlines the potential of sustained engagement to narrow long-standing socio-economic gaps in progression. The authors argue that interventions must begin before Key Stage 4 attainment gaps are entrenched and before subject choices restrict future options.

Recommendations
The Policy Note calls for a shift from a ‘cure’ to a ‘prevention’ approach to access and participation and recommends:

• Expanding and scaling sustained contact programmes spanning pre- and post-16 outreach, beginning engagement between Years 7 and 9 at the latest and maintaining support through to sixth form.
• Greater collaboration between higher education providers, local authorities and national programmes to target cold spots and maximise value for money.
• Recognition of access and participation as a national responsibility, supported by stable, multi-year funding for collaborative schemes such as Uni Connect.
• Stronger and more rigorous evaluation of widening participation interventions to establish clearer causal links between outreach and progression outcomes.

While sustained and intensive intervention programmes demonstrate the promise of long-term engagement, the report warns that high costs, logistical barriers and limited high-quality evaluation evidence are constraining scale. Funding reductions for outreach schemes such as UniConnect risks weakening partnerships at precisely the moment when the evidence points to their effectiveness –  particularly for the most disadvantaged students.

Charlotte Gleed, former HEPI Intern and co-author of the Policy Note said:

‘In November 2017, the Schools Liaison Officer from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge came to my state comprehensive school in Wolverhampton. At the time, I was in Year 10 studying for two GCSEs I was due to sit a year early: History and Religious Studies. The woman, whose name I wish I could remember, gave me the 2017/18 Cambridge University prospectus and a slimmer brochure of Sidney Sussex College. Those two booklets became my visualisation tool. An ambition had been lit within – an ambition I previously did not know existed. Little did I know as a 14-year-old with dreams of attending a selective higher education institution but in a school with limited knowledge about the Oxbridge system, outreach would make an instrumental change.’

Scaling Opportunity aims to highlight the importance of sustained and intensive outreach. It is essential that young people from traditionally underrepresented backgrounds not only have contact with high tariff universities throughout their secondary education, but that this contact is not limited to Year 11 or Sixth Form. It is too late by this stage. Planting the seed of possibility early is crucial to ensure these young people stand the best chance of making an informed but also competitive application to selective higher education institutions across the UK.

Scaling Opportunity is a fresh take on the most pressing issues in access to higher education today. Our recommendations are aspirational but rooted in evidence-based research to provoke conversations about meaningful change in the landscape of progression to higher education. Access is a cornerstone of the admissions policies at higher education institutions. Scaling Opportunity reasserts the importance of this principle.’

Martin Webster, Director of NEON, commented:

‘Nearly twenty years ago AimHigher partnerships developed progression frameworks, described as a ladders of engagement for learners. Education professionals understood the importance of repeated, progressive interventions which start at an early age.  Over recent years budgets for collaborative partnerships and higher education outreach has been reduced. Many of the activities that were available under the progression frameworks can no longer be delivered due to cost. Policy makers need to take note of this report and, if they are serious about widening access, ensure adequate funding is in place to allow the sector to reintroduce progression frameworks and work together to engage the disadvantaged learners who stand to benefit from higher education.’